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Comments on Follow-Up From All CES Research Studies
One hundred percent of the 17 studies that included follow-up showed CES to have positive long term, cumulative effects. None of these studies revealed any long term, negative adverse effects.
From Pivotal Scientific Studies:
Study No.
First Author, Year |
N |
Subject
Description |
Author’s Comments on Follow-up |
4
Brotman, Philip
1986 |
36 |
classical migraine patients |
The CES group responded significantly better than the other 2 groups over the 3 month follow-up. Only the CES group showed significant carry-over effects in finger temerature. |
5
Brovar, Alan
1984 |
25 |
cocaine abusers |
A follow-up of the 3 groups from 6 to 8 months later showed that no CES patients had returned for treatment, while 50% of the CES refusers and 39% of the controls had recidivated. |
14
Flemenbaum, A.
1974 |
28 |
anxiety, depression, insomnia, outpatients unresponsive to medications |
Those who had beneficial results maintained them throughout the 6 month follow-up. |
15
Forster, Sigmund
1963 |
23 |
inducing sleep |
Follow-up of patients up to 1 year after treatment has not revealed any harmful side effects. |
20
Hearst, E.D.
1974 |
28 |
psychotherapy outpatients |
3 patients showed continued improvement for 2 weeks to 2 months. |
21
Heffernan, Michael
1995 |
20 |
generalized stress >1 year, unresponsive to meds |
1 week follow-up measures in the CES group showed significant carryover effects in EMG and HR, but were not significant at the .05 level for finger temperature or capacitance. |
22
Hochman, Richard
1988 |
600 |
dental patients |
From the results obtained during 1 year of treating a variety of patients requiring a broad scope of dental treatments, CES was found to provide a safe, noninvasive, readily acceptable, adjunctive analgesic modality to maintain patient comfort through the majority of dental procedures for most patients. |
36
Magora, F.
1967 |
A: 20
B: 9 |
A: Anxiety, depression, insomnia hospitalized polysubstance abusers and
B: asthmatic children |
A: Follow-up has continued for 8-12 months after treatment and has revealed no relapse.
B: The asthmatic attacks stopped completely in 3 children and 4 months later the children felt well without taking any drugs. |
40
Matteson, Michael
1986 |
62 |
32 CES graduate students,
22 contols |
A follow-up measure 2 weeks post study found that 11 of the 13 variables were still significantly improved in the treatment group. |
42
Moore, J.A.
1975 |
17 |
anxiety and insomnia patients |
Despite largely negative findings several subjects reported “a remarkable improvement” in their symptoms 2-3 weeks after CES. |
45
Overcash, Stephen
1999 |
197 |
anxiety outpatients |
On 6-8 month follow-up, 73% of the patients were “well satisfied” with their treatment and had no significant regression or other anxiety disorder, 18% were “satisfied” but had some problem with anxiety since they stopped the treatment, and 9% chose not to respond, had significant symptoms since stopping the treatment, or in 1 case, “was not satisfied.” |
48
Patterson, M.
1984 |
186 |
hospitalized alcohol and polysubstance abusers |
Of a 50% response to follow-up, 78.5% were addiction-free (80.3% of drug addicts) 1 to 8 years after CES, with an average time in rehabilitation of only 16 days. Alcohol, marijuana and cigarette use were decreased in 64%. Diminished drug use was reported in 76% of recidivists. 17% had 1 treatment after CES (another CES treatment or other hospital treatment), and 1% had 2 treatments. This compares favorably with a U.S. government survey showing that 26% to 43% had repeat treatments every year after the initial treatment, for up to 6 years. |
67
Smith, Ray B.
1993 |
23 |
psychiatric outpatients with anxiety, depression, ADD |
On 18 month follow-up the patients performed as well or better than in the original study. |
84
Weiss, Marc F.
1973 |
10 |
insomnia patients |
All differences found were maintained at the 2 week and 2 year follow-up. |
From Supporting Scientific Studies:
7
Cartwright, R.D.
1975 |
10 |
sleep onset insomnia patients |
Only 1 of 4 responders relapsed during the 2 year no-treatment period. |
17
Klimke, A.
1991 |
50 |
schizophrenic
and psychotic
patients
unresponsive
to medications |
3 months after discharge from hospital 9 schizophrenics (32.1%) but only 3 patients with affective psychosis (13.6%) presented a “good outcome” (full remission). |
18
Koegler, R.R.
1971 |
14 |
insomnia patients |
Some patients maintained their improvement 4 months later, while others had partial return of symptoms. None regressed completely. |
39
Turaeva, V.A.
1967 |
156 |
eczema and neuro- dermatitis patients |
12 months follow-up revealed that the positive effects of CES was sufficiently stable. |
Excerpted from:
Kirsch, Daniel L. The Science Behind Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (2nd Ed), Medical Scope Publishing Corporation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2002, Chapter 9:131-135. © 2002-4 by DL Kirsch, Mineral Wells, Texas.
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